PhD Candidate · University of Houston

Rachana Kafle

I study how diabetes quietly damages the nervous system using the eye as a window. My research spans fixational eye movements, corneal nerve imaging, and retinal electrophysiology to detect neuropathy before it becomes clinically apparent.

Rachana Kafle

About

I am a second-year PhD student in Physiological Optics and Vision Science at the University of Houston College of Optometry (GPA 3.91), working in the Diabetes Biomarker Discovery Laboratory of Dr. Wendy W. Harrison, with co-mentorship from Dr. Daniel R. Coates and Dr. Maria K. Walker.

My dissertation Multimodal Biomarker Development for Early Detection of Diabetic Ocular Complications — develops sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers for diabetic neuropathy before retinal damage becomes clinically visible. I lead every phase of these projects: protocol design, patient recruitment, imaging acquisition, image quantification, and statistical modeling.

Before coming to Houston, I earned my Bachelor of Optometry from NAMS University in Kathmandu, Nepal (GPA 3.95), and worked as an optometrist intern and research assistant at Nepal Eye Hospital. A patient with oculocutaneous albinism I examined during my internship crystallized my goal: to become a clinician-scientist whose research translates into better early screening tools.

Institution
University of Houston College of Optometry
Degree
PhD, Physiological Optics & Vision Science
GPA
3.93 / 4.00
Prior Degree
B. Optometry, NAMS University, Nepal (GPA 3.95)
Primary Mentor
Dr. Wendy W. Harrison, OD, PhD, FAAO
Co-Mentors
Dr. Daniel R. Coates; Dr. Maria K. Walker
Google Scholar

Research

My dissertation comprises two complementary projects that each target a different modality of ocular change in diabetes. Beyond my dissertation, I contribute to preclinical and methodological studies that extend the lab's translational scope.

Project 1 · Oculomotor
Fixational Eye Movements as Neuropathy Biomarkers

Using Tracking Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (TSLO) to quantify saccade amplitude, velocity, acceleration, and drift across glycemic groups. I identified a novel directional asymmetry vertical saccades are selectively disrupted while horizontal are preserved suggesting supranuclear pathway vulnerability to hyperglycemia. Published in Scientific Reports (2026).

Project 2 · Structural + Functional
Corneal Nerve & Retinal Electrophysiology

Integrating in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus with multifocal ERG across 70 participants (controls, prediabetes, T2DM). Pilot data show HbA1c correlates negatively with corneal nerve density and positively with tortuosity; mfERG P1 implicit time is delayed in T2DM. Testing whether these structures degenerate along a shared trajectory.

Side Project · Preclinical
Semaglutide & Retinal VEGF Expression

Contributing to a study investigating dose-dependent effects of a GLP-1 receptor agonist on retinal VEGF expression in a high-fat-diet rat model of T2DM, using whole-mount retinal immunostaining, qPCR, and quantitative image analysis. Grounds clinical biomarker research in molecular mechanisms.

Methods · Passive Screening
FEM Extraction from mfERG Fundus Video

Developing a hybrid optic-nerve-head tracking algorithm (kernelized correlation filter + normalized cross-correlation) to passively extract fixation stability from routine mfERG fundus video positioning mfERG as a dual-purpose first-line screening tool without added testing burden.

Publications & Presentations

Peer-reviewed publications, co-authored research, and conference presentations in physiological optics and clinical vision science.

Journal
Scientific Reports · Kafle R, Owusu-Afriyie B, Wu C, Coates D, Harrison W
Published · 2026
Journal
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · Owusu-Afriyie B, Wu CS, Kafle R, Burhans L, Lal B, Benoit JS, Coates DR, Harrison WW · 67(12):3 · doi:10.1167/iovs.67.12.3
Published · October 2026 · Co-author
Paper
ARVO Annual Meeting · Kafle R, Owusu-Afriyie B, Wu CS, Coates DR, Harrison WW
Presented · 2026
Paper
Corneal and Retinal Neural Degeneration May Occur Concurrently in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AAO Annual Meeting · Kafle R, Walker MK, Owusu-Afriyie B, Basak S, Harrison WW
Submitted · 2026
Paper
Measurement of Fixation Stability in Type 2 Diabetes
AAO Annual Meeting, Boston, MA · Kafle R, Owusu-Afriyie B, Wu CS, Coates DR, Harrison WW
Presented as Oral Paper · 2025
Journal
Specular Microscopic Analysis of Corneal Endothelium in Keratoconus and Controls
Kafle R, Shrestha P, Kaiti R
Manuscript in preparation · 2026
Review
Developmental Delay and Oculo-Visual Deficits: Challenges and Interventions A Narrative Review
Kaiti R, Shyangbo R, Regmi A, Kafle R
Published · 2026
Review
Kafle R, Kaiti R, Shrestha P
Published · 2024
Review
Presbyopia and Recent Advances in its Management A Review
Kaiti R, Kafle R, Shyangbo R, Dahal M, Maharjan S, Dhakal A
Published · 2020
Selected Co-authored Presentations
Poster
ARVO Annual Meeting · Basak S, Owusu-Afriyie B, Kafle R, Harrison W, Redfern R
Presented · 2026
Poster
ARVO Annual Meeting · Owusu-Afriyie B, Kafle R, Basak S, et al.
Presented · 2026
Poster
ARVO Annual Meeting · Awuni HA, Owusu-Afriyie B, Venkatesh S, Kafle R, et al.
Presented · 2026

Experience

Research
Dec 2024 to Present
Graduate Research Assistant
Diabetes Biomarker Discovery Lab, University of Houston College of Optometry
Mentors: Dr. Wendy W. Harrison (primary); Dr. Maria K. Walker (co-mentor). TSLO-based fixational eye movement analysis, IVCM corneal nerve quantification, mfERG, Python/MATLAB data pipelines, IRB coordination.
Jan 2023 to May 2023
Research Assistant
Nepal Eye Hospital, Kathmandu (Dr. Raju Kaiti)
Specular microscopy analysis of corneal endothelial parameters in keratoconus vs. controls (>200 eyes). Data analysis for surgical planning and contact lens management applications.
Clinical
May 2023 to Nov 2023
Optometrist Intern
Nepal Eye Hospital, NAMS University
Specialty rotation in Cornea & Contact Lens (AprtoJun 2023): specialty contact lens fitting for keratoconus and post-surgical irregular corneas. Comprehensive exams including primary diabetic retinopathy screening. Proficient in IVCM, OCT, corneal topography, ocular biometry, ERG, slit-lamp biomicroscopy.
Education
Aug 2024 to Present
PhD, Physiological Optics & Vision Science
University of Houston College of Optometry · GPA 3.93/4.00
Dissertation: Multimodal Biomarker Development for Early Detection of Diabetic Ocular Complications
Feb 2019 to Nov 2023
Bachelor of Optometry and Vision Sciences
NAMS University, Kathmandu, Nepal · GPA 3.95/4.00
Thesis: Specular Microscopic Analysis of Corneal Endothelial Parameters in Keratoconus and Controls
Technical Skills

Imaging: TSLO (fixational eye movement analysis), IVCM (corneal nerve quantification CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, fiber thickness, beading morphology), Specular Microscopy, Corneal Topography, OCT/OCTA, mfERG, Fundus Photography, Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy

Analysis: Python (NumPy, SciPy, pandas, OpenCV, scikit-learn), MATLAB, FIJI/ImageJ (morphometry, nerve tracing, beading measurement), ACCMetrics, NeuronJ, Celleste, SPSS, JASP

Methods: Study design, IRB protocols, human-subjects data collection, multivariate modeling, logistic regression, ROC curve analysis, intraclass correlation, mixed-effects models

Clinical: Specialty contact lens fitting (keratoconus, irregular corneas), comprehensive ophthalmic examination, diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and staging

View / Download CV (PDF)

Awards & Fellowships

2026
Second Place — Vision Science Section Abstract Competition
Academy 2026 · American Academy of Optometry
2026
Joe and Janet Early Cornea Research Award
American Academy of Optometry
2026
Graduate Student Achievement Award
University of Houston
2026
Anh Lac Tran Award
Department of Psychology, University of Houston
2026
Cullen Travel Fellowship
University of Houston support for ARVO 2026
2026
AAO Travel Grant for ARVO
American Academy of Optometry Foundation
2025
OCCRS Travel Grant
Optometric Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Society, AAO Foundation AAO 2025, Boston, MA
2024 to 2026
Presidential Fellowship
University of Houston competitive university-wide award for exceptional academic achievement
2024 to Present
Merit-Based Full Tuition Scholarship
University of Houston College of Optometry PhD Vision Science Program

Teaching & Service

Graduate Teaching Assistant
University of Houston College of Optometry · Aug 2024 to Present
Histology, Human General Anatomy, and Ocular Anatomy first-year optometry and vision science students. Develops course materials, conducts lab sessions, and holds office hours with emphasis on structure-function relationships.
Clinical Teaching Assistant
Nepal Eye Hospital · 2022 to 2023
Supervised and instructed junior optometry students during clinical rotations in comprehensive eye care and diagnostic imaging.
Professional Service
2025
Moderator, Posterior Segment Poster Session
AAO Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
2025
Volunteer, Fellows Doing Research SIG
AAO Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
Aug 2025 to Present
Treasurer
Nepalese Student Association, University of Houston
Memberships
2025 to Present
Member-in-Training
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
2024 to Present
Student Member
American Academy of Optometry (AAO)
2026 to Present
Member
Vision Sciences Society (VSS)
2024
Licensed Optometrist
Nepal Health Professional Council

Beyond the Lab

Outside of research I love exploring the world through travel experiencing different cultures and places keeps me curious and grounded. I also enjoy cooking, from experimenting with dishes to crafting homemade beverages and trying to recreate flavors from places I've visited.

✈️ Traveling 🍳 Cooking ☕ Making beverages 🌏 Exploring cultures

Photos

From conference podiums to world landmarks — a glimpse into life in and out of the lab.

Contact

Open to research collaborations, academic discussions, and connecting with others in vision science, clinical optometry, or ocular neuroscience.

[email protected] [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4419-608X Google Scholar LinkedIn Diabetes Biomarker Discovery Lab, UH College of Optometry, Houston, TX